How does end-to-end encryption function?

End-to-end encryption is a security measure that ensures that data is encrypted on the sender's device and can only be decrypted on the recipient's device. This means that the information being sent is rendered unreadable while in transit, and the only individuals who have the necessary keys to decrypt the message are the sender and the intended recipient.

This method effectively protects the data from interception or unauthorized access during transmission, as intermediaries—including potential attackers or service providers—cannot decrypt the information. The encryption occurs before the data leaves the sender's device, and only the intended recipient's device can decrypt it, providing confidentiality throughout the entire communication process.

The other options misrepresent aspects of how end-to-end encryption operates. Some suggest limited encryption, which fails to encompass the complete process of securing the data from end to end.