Which of the following is typically managed by a database?

The management of data storage and retrieval for applications is a fundamental function of a database. Databases are designed to efficiently store large volumes of data, organize it in a structured manner, and facilitate quick access to that data whenever needed. They provide various querying capabilities, enabling applications to retrieve specific information through structured query languages (like SQL) or other means.

This aspect of managing data is crucial for applications that rely on persistent and scalable data storage solutions. Whether it involves straightforward record-keeping or complex data analytics, the role of a database in handling data storage and retrieval directly supports application functionality and user requirements.

In contrast, networking protocols, user authentication processes, and server configurations pertain to different areas of IT infrastructure management, which are not the primary responsibilities of a database management system. These elements are instead addressed by networking equipment, security systems, and server administration tools, respectively.